Context. Anthropogenic aerosols cool the climate and partially offset warming from greenhouse gas emissions. They influence the climate in two main ways: aerosol–radiation interactions and aerosol–cloud interactions. Notably, they modify the atmospheric albedo, which controls how much energy enters the Earth system. A higher albedo means less energy enters the system, leading to cooling of the atmosphere.
Anthropogenic aerosols have negative impacts on human health. As a result of public health and air quality policies, aerosol emissions have decreased in many regions (Europe, eastern North America, and northeastern Asia). However, in some regions, such as India, aerosol emissions continue to increase.
These trends in aerosol emissions over the past two decades are associated with changes in atmospheric albedo. These trends are the subject of Clément et al. (2026).